LLM apps introduce a new attack surface most security teams have never seen. Here is the OWASP LLM Top 10, in plain English, with defenses.
Binate AI
December 11, 2025
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Traditional app security assumes code is the only thing that executes. With LLMs, untrusted text can become instructions — a webpage, a document, or a user message can hijack the model. The OWASP LLM Top 10 catalogs these new risks, with prompt injection at the top.
Prompt injection is when attacker-controlled content overrides your instructions — directly ("ignore previous rules") or indirectly (poisoned data the model reads). The defense is treating all retrieved/user content as data, never trusted commands, and scoping tools tightly.
Sensitive-information disclosure, insecure output handling (passing model text straight into SQL or a shell), excessive agency (over-permissioned tools), and supply-chain risk in models and plugins round out the list.
Action Checklist
0/5One risk tops the OWASP LLM list.
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